A Power Distribution Unit (PDU) are a core part of the electrical infrastructure within data centres, IT environments, and equipment racks. These devices distribute electrical power from a primary supply to multiple pieces of equipment including servers, switches, storage devices, and communication hardware.
In environments where uptime is critical, PDUs help ensure stable and reliable power delivery across IT systems. Without effective distribution, system stability can be compromised.
How Does a PDU Function?
A standard power supply often connects to only a small number of devices. Modern IT facilities, however, require electricity for large numbers of units operating at the same time. PDUs address this need by allowing a centralised supply to provide electricity to numerous outputs.
This allows IT teams to control power delivery across racks without the need for separate power supplies for each item. As a result, infrastructure remains organised and easier to maintain.
Rack-Mounted PDUs
PDUs are commonly installed within server racks. Rack mounted PDUs can be placed either in vertical or horizontal orientations, depending on the rack layout.
- Vertical units usually extend along the rear of the rack and supply electricity without using equipment mounting space.
- Horizontal units are installed across rack spaces where space is available.
get more info
Placement depends on cabinet design and power density requirements.
Types of PDUs
Standard PDUs
Standard PDUs provide simple electrical distribution without advanced functionality. They are used where power management is handled elsewhere in the infrastructure.
Metered PDUs
These models include built-in displays that display load levels and allow technicians to monitor power usage. This lowers the risk of overloads by providing visibility into electrical demand.
Switched Units
Switched PDUs allow individual outlets to be controlled remotely. In the event of equipment failure, IT teams can reboot hardware without being physically present at the cabinet, minimising downtime and simplifying management tasks.
Environmental Monitoring
Stable rack conditions inside server racks is essential. Some PDUs include sensors that measure temperature and humidity. These readings help facilities teams identify overheating risks before equipment becomes damaged.
Regular observation helps maintain hardware performance and limits the risk of system failure.
Load Balancing and Electrical Stability
Load balancing is another key function of PDUs. By distributing electrical demand across different circuits, PDUs help prevent one power source from becoming overloaded. Balanced loads improve system stability and lower the chance of electrical faults.
Integration with Backup Systems
Many organisations rely on uninterrupted system availability for daily operations. PDUs often form part of wider backup systems that may include uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) and standby generators. When combined with these systems, PDUs help maintain continued operation during electrical interruptions.
Maintenance and Safety
Regular checks of PDUs helps ensure electrical safety. Technicians should examine input connections, outlet integrity, and cable management within each rack. Scheduled assessments supports compliance with workplace safety regulations and reduces the likelihood of electrical hazards.
Why PDUs Remain Essential
As data centres continue to expand, the role of PDUs remains fundamental. Reliable power distribution supports the performance of network infrastructure and safeguards equipment from electrical risk. With proper configuration and oversight, PDUs help maintain stable operating conditions within modern IT environments.